Blogs

Nov 26, 2025 : The Q, K, V Matrices
Nov 22, 2025 : How LLM Inference Works
Nov 14, 2025 : What are Blocking Queues and Why We Need Them
Nov 12, 2025 : Heartbeats in Distributed Systems
Oct 20, 2025 : How Writes Work in Apache Cassandra
Oct 17, 2025 : Redis Replication Internals
Oct 02, 2025 : How Does a CDN Handle Content Replication
Sep 24, 2025 : Why gRPC Uses HTTP2
Sep 06, 2025 : Why Distributed Systems Need Consensus Algorithms Like Raft
Sep 05, 2025 : Why Do Databases Deadlock and How Do They Resolve It
Sep 04, 2025 : Why and How Cache Locality Can Make Your Code Faster
Sep 03, 2025 : Why Eventual Consistency is Preferred in Distributed Systems
Sep 02, 2025 : Why does DNS use both UDP and TCP
Sep 15, 2024 : Paper Notes - On-demand Container Loading in AWS Lambda
Sep 03, 2024 : Paper Notes - SQL Has Problems. We Can Fix Them Pipe Syntax In SQL
Aug 28, 2024 : Paper Notes - NanoLog - A Nanosecond Scale Logging System
Aug 21, 2024 : Paper Notes - WTF - The Who to Follow Service at Twitter
May 06, 2024 : Turn System Design Interviews into Discussions
Mar 07, 2022 : Solving the Knapsack Problem with Evolutionary Algorithms
Feb 21, 2022 : Generating Pseudorandom Numbers with LFSR
Feb 07, 2022 : Local vs Global Indexes in Partitioned Databases
Jan 31, 2022 : Partitioning Data - Range, Hash, and When to Use Them
Jan 24, 2022 : Partitioning Strategies for Distributed Databases
Jan 16, 2022 : Leaderless Replication
Jan 03, 2022 : Multi-Master Conflicts - How to Handle Them
Nov 28, 2021 : Multi-Master Replication - Why Conflicts Happen
Nov 03, 2021 : Multi-Master Replication - Scaling Writes Across Geographies
Oct 03, 2021 : Monotonic Reads - How Asynchronous Replication Creates Wormholes
Sep 22, 2021 : Read-Your-Writes Consistency
Sep 07, 2021 : What Happens When a Master or Replica Fails
Aug 15, 2021 : Replication Formats - Statement vs Row-based
Aug 10, 2021 : Replication Strategies - Synchronous, Asynchronous, and Semi-Synchronous
Aug 07, 2021 : Master-Replica Replication
Jul 19, 2021 : Decoding Durability - The D in ACID
Jul 07, 2021 : Decoding Isolation - The I in ACID
Jul 02, 2021 : Decoding Atomicity - The A in ACID
Jul 02, 2021 : Decoding Consistency - The C in ACID
Jun 22, 2021 : Architectural Patterns for Distributed Systems
Jun 17, 2021 : Fallacies of Distributed Computing Every Engineer Should Know
Jun 09, 2021 : Fork Bomb
Apr 28, 2021 : Python Internals - Exploring Chained Comparison Operators
Apr 19, 2021 : Modeling Udemy's Categories in a Relational Database
Apr 01, 2021 : I Changed the Rules for the Python's Walrus Operator
Feb 15, 2021 : Fully Persistent Arrays
Feb 07, 2021 : How Persistent Data Structures Work
Jan 10, 2021 : Constant Folding in Python
Dec 20, 2020 : How Python Uses String Interning to Keep Runtime Efficient
Dec 13, 2020 : Visualizing Recursion in Python with Just a Decorator
Dec 06, 2020 : Count Distinct With Minimal Memory - Flajolet Martin Algorithm
Nov 29, 2020 : The 2Q Algorithm - Addressing LRU's Sub-Optimality
Nov 22, 2020 : Israeli Queues
Nov 16, 2020 : The Math Behind Smooth 1D Terrain
Nov 08, 2020 : MinHash - Fast Jaccard Similarity at Scale
Nov 01, 2020 : Time Series Smoothing for Anomaly Detection
Aug 23, 2020 : Implementing LFU in O(1)
Aug 02, 2020 : Space-Efficient Counting - Exploring Morris' Algorithm
Jul 26, 2020 : Why Slowsort is Hilariously Inefficient
Jul 19, 2020 : Bitcask - A Log-Structured fast KV store
Jul 12, 2020 : Phi Accrual Failure Detection Algorithm
Jul 05, 2020 : Breaking Repeating-Key XOR Encryption
Jun 21, 2020 : ETAOIN SHRDLU - Using Letter Frequency to Decipher the Ciphered
Jun 14, 2020 : Making Integers Iterable in Python
Jun 07, 2020 : Structure Composition and Emulating Inheritance in C
May 31, 2020 : The RUM Conjecture - Storage System Trade-offs
May 24, 2020 : Consistent Hashing - What It Is and How to Implement It
May 17, 2020 : How Python Handles Integers Under the Hood
May 10, 2020 : Fractional Cascading - Speeding Up Multiple Binary Searches
May 03, 2020 : Copy-On-Write - When to Use It, When to Avoid It
Apr 26, 2020 : How MySQL Avoids Performance Hits from Table Scans
Apr 19, 2020 : Modeling Finite State Machines with Python Coroutines
Apr 12, 2020 : Building Better Ratings with Bayesian Averages
Apr 05, 2020 : Sliding Window Rate Limiting - Design and Implementation
Mar 10, 2020 : The Intuition Behind IDF
Feb 21, 2020 : Python Prompt Strings
Feb 14, 2020 : Rule 30 - Generating Random Numbers with Cellular Automata
Feb 07, 2020 : Python's Missing Feature - Function Overloading
Jan 31, 2020 : Isolation Forest - Fast and Efficient Anomaly Detection
Jan 17, 2020 : Image Steganography
Jan 10, 2020 : How Python Handles Gigantic Integers
Jan 03, 2020 : Python Internals - I Made Addition Unpredictable
Mar 24, 2017 : Analyzing MongoDB Pagination Performance Differences
Mar 23, 2017 : MongoDB Pagination - Skip is Slow
Mar 22, 2017 : MongoDB Pagination - Two Approaches You Need to Know
Apr 12, 2016 : HTTP - The Hard Way with Netcat

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