Wrote an essay on why time is such a hard

Arpit Bhayani

Arpit Bhayani

Dec 23, 2025 • 1 min read


Wrote an essay on why time is such a hard problem in distributed systems.

This week, I went down the rabbit hole of clock drift, NTP, PTP, logical clocks, vector clocks, and how systems like Spanner and CockroachDB deal with ordering, and causality at scale.

If you want to know how and why clocks break databases, why milliseconds matter, or how distributed systems deal with time, this essay will give you a solid mental model. Give it a read.

Arpit Bhayani

Principal Engineer II at Razorpay - building Agent Studio, Ex-staff engg at GCP Memorystore & Dataproc, Creator of DiceDB, ex-Amazon Fast Data, ex-Director of Engg. SRE and Data Engineering at Unacademy. I spark engineering curiosity through my no-fluff engineering videos on YouTube and my courses