Multiple MySQL server running on same Ubuntu server

There are many situations where there is a require where you need to run multiple instances of MySQL on same machine.

Some situations are:

• test a new MySQL release while leaving an existing production setup undisturbed
• give different users access to different mysqld servers that they manage themselves

Problem description

I have a machine having 5 products already setup. All products are using MySQL 5.5 as its default database. Now its time to upgrade all but one product to use MySQL 5.6. The table below shows the before and after version requirements of MySQL for various products. Looking at the table we find that all products except product C wants to use MySQL 5.6.

Since all but one products require MySQL 5.6, so lets install it first and then we will work to figure out a way to install MySQL 5.5 as well.

Installing MySQL 5.6

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mysql-server-5.6 mysql-server-core-5.6 mysql-client-5.6 mysql-client-core-5.6

At this point we have MySQL 5.6 listening at port 3306 (default port)

Approach to solution

There are several approaches with which you can achieve multiple MySQL versions running in same machine. Some of them are

• Use binaries of specific version
• Build everything from MySQL source

Issues in above approaches:

Evidently we can only have one version of MySQL setup on the machine using default installation procedure with apt-get. Hence if we try to install one version over other then it will replace the first version and will retain the second version. Hence we cannot have 2 versions of MySQL with default installation procedure.

Building everything from scratch involves a lot of complications at source level. In order to debug any issues that might arise, you should be aware what happens in various scripts/commands that you run. I did spend a day in building from the source but it eventually turned out to be complete waste of time, efforts and debugging.

Docker to the rescue

If we had a container in which we have a MySQL 5.5 installed and if we can publish the container's port(s) to the host, then we can connect to container's MySQL just like a local database.

We can have all of the above with Docker. If you dont know what docker is, please read this official What is Docker.

Installing Docker

To install docker on your machine execute following command on your shell.

curl -sSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh

Spin off MySQL 5.5 container

Execute following command and this will download MySQL 5.5 image and will spin off the container. This container will have MySQL 5.5 installed on port 3306. But on host machine port 3310 will be forwarded.

sudo docker run --name mysql-55-container -p 127.0.0.1:3310:3306 \
     -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=rootpassword -d mysql:5.5

NOTE: Password for root user is rootpassword, you can change it to anything.

Connect to MySQL 5.5

mysql -u root -p --host=127.0.0.1 --port=3310

Connect to MySQL 5.6

mysql -u root -p

And voila! you have both My SQL 5.5 and MySQL 5.6 installed and running on same machine.

Now you can configure your application product C to use host 127.0.0.1 and port 3310 and thus you have products A, B, D and E running on MySQL 5.6 and product C running on MySQL 5.5.